The stable atmospheric boundary layer (SBL) forms when surface cooling generates a vertical gradient of potential temperature that suppresses vertical mixing. Under these conditions, turbulent motions ...

Visit NAP.edu/10766 to get more information about this book, to buy it in print, or to download it as a free PDF. Improved observations of the atmospheric boundary layer (noted as ABL or BL herein) ...

Researchers have created a dataset of the whole atmosphere, enabling new research to be conducted on previously difficult-to-study regions. Using a new data-assimilation system called JAGUAR-DAS, ...

The same molecule heating Earth’s surface is freezing the sky above it, and a team of atmospheric physicists has finally pinned down why. In a study published in Nature Geoscience in early 2026, ...

thermal characteristics (temperature changes), chemical composition, movement, and density. Each of the layers are bounded by "pauses" where the greatest changes in thermal characteristics, chemical ...

The world is warming. This fact is most often discussed for Earth's surface, where we live. But the climate is also changing from the top of the atmosphere to the bottom of the ocean. And there is a ...

The world’s first artificial satellite, the Soviet Union’s Sputnik 1, was launched in October 1957. Just three months later, it fell out of orbit. As Sputnik hit the upper atmosphere at incredible ...